Benito mussolini quotes 1945 dime
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T. Corey Brennan
The Ancient Romans, in both the Republic (as far back as we can reliably trace) and Empire, made a familiar and highly effective spectacle out of bundling wooden rods and a single-bladed axe with leather straps into a ‘fasces’. They presented this instrument as a mobile kit for punishment, one intended to induce feelings of respect for the relevant authority as well as fear. Ancient tradition is unanimous that twelve attendants known as ‘lictors’ each carried these fasces already in the pre-Republican period, walking in procession before the old kings of Rome. They used the insignia to mark the king’s status as a holder of imperium (full civil and military power) and, with it, his capacity to inflict either corporal or capital punishment.
The Fasces from Etruria to Rome and Byzantium
Tradition also held that Rome of the kings had appropriated this institution from the Etruscans. Some authorities, Livy among them, dated the borrowing as far back as Rom
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Mussolini’s Architectural Legacy in Rome
Rome is a very old city, by most estimates, over 2800 years old. You can literally wander from the 8th century BC to the 21st century in a day’s walk.
The architectural styles of Rome are just as eternal as the city itself. The Classical city was mostly built between the 1st century BC and the 4th century AD. The Christian city (Byzantine, Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque periods) stretches from the 4th to the 18th century.
Benito Mussolini wanted to build ‘la Terza Roma’, the Third Rome, a rebirth of a great city and an Italian Empire for modern times.
He was 39 years old when he became the Prime Minister of Italy in 1922. His desire to restore the ancient grandeur of the Roman Empire might have started as a utopian socialist dream of equality, but it soon mutated into a nightmare of an autocratic totalitarian empire. Mussolini became Il Duce, a term derived from the ancient Roman title Dux (leader).
In 1934,
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What is the Symbol?
Recognized around the world as a symbol of the United States and one of its great presidents, the awe-inspiring Lincoln Memorial attracts millions of visitors every year. In the main chamber of the memorial, some of these visitors lean against the back wall, crane their necks and contort their faces looking for a face in the rear of Lincoln's head. Some will attempt to decode Lincoln's hands. Looking for some deeper meaning, convinced that it must be here in this exalted chamber, most of these visitors will end up shaking their heads, shrugging, and walking away unconvinced of what they have seen. The irony is that the deeper meaning surrounds them, and has probably gone overlooked.
While distracted bygd myths about faces in hair and letter-signing hands, many visitors miss the true meaning of the memorial and the ubiquitous symbol that carries that meaning. Instead of being hidden somewhere inaccessible, the symbol fryst vatten deceptively obvious, right there under